Requirements for BS in Electrical Engineering
To receive the BS degree in electrical engineering,
students must complete 70 credits beyond the associate of science degree
in engineering science (or equivalent). Transfer students without the associate
of science degree in engineering science should refer to the Engineering
Design Division requirements for admission into the junior-level program.
A minimum grade average of C in the engineering courses is required for
graduation.
All Binghamton University freshmen must also meet
the University's General Education requirements. However, those requirements
are waived for all junior transfers who have earned a minimum of 57 credits
prior to entering the University. Any student with the associate degree
in engineering science, or equivalent courses, will have this waiver. For
more details, refer to the General Education section of this Bulletin .
| Junior Year/Fall Semester | credits |
| EE 301. Signals and Systems | 3 |
| EE 315. Electronics I | 3 |
| EE 332. Semiconductor Devices | 3 |
| EE 352. Digital Systems I | 4 |
| EE 385. Laboratory I | 4 |
| EE 395. Seminar I | 1 |
| TOTAL | 17 |
| Junior Year/Spring Semester | |
| EE 302. Signal Processing | 3 |
| EE 316. Electronics II | 3 |
| EE 361. Control Systems | 3 |
| EE 341. Data Structures for EE | 4 |
| EE 386. Laboratory II | 4 |
| EE 396. Seminar II | 1 |
| TOTAL | 18 |
| Senior Year/Fall Semester | |
| EE 423. Electromagnetics | 4 |
| EE 489. Professional Practice * | 2 |
| EE Technical elective I | 3 |
| Humanities/social sciences I *** | 4 |
| EE 487. Senior Project I | 4 |
| TOTAL | 17 |
| Senior Year/Spring Semester | |
| EE Technical Elective II | 3 |
| EE Technical Elective III | 3 |
| EE Professional Elective ** | 3 |
| Humanities/social sciences II *** | 4 |
| EE 488. Senior Project II | 4 |
| TOTAL | 17 |
Minor In Computer Science
A minor in computer science is available for BSEE majors. Students
may also apply for an extended program leading to dual degrees in electrical
engineering and computer science. For details, students should contact
the Watson School Advising Office prior to registration.
Admission Requirements
EE 302. DISCRETE AND RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING
spring
Discrete time and frequency analysis of linear systems. Random signals,
probability density, correlation functions, power spectrum. Design of elementary
digital filters. Prerequisites: EE 301 and MATH 341, or PHYS 407.
EE 315. ELECTRONICS I fall
Introduction to electronics concentrating on the funda mental devices
(diode, transistor, operational amplifier, logic gate) and their basic
applications; modeling techniques; elementary circuit design based on devices.
Prerequisites: electric circuits.
EE 316. ELECTRONICS II spring
Continuation of EE 315 with emphasis on electronic circuit design and
system applications (filters, power regulation, oscillators, timing). Prerequisite:
EE 315.
EE 322 TRANSMISSION LINES AND FIELDS spring
Distributed circuits as one-dimensional transmission lines, characteristic
impedance, reflection coefficient. Static electromagnetic fields, design
of capacitance, and inductance elements. Introduction to Maxwell's equations.
Prerequisite: EE 301.
EE 332. SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES spring
Basic theory of semiconductors, p-n junctions, bipolar junction transistors,
junction and MOS field effect devices; device design and modelling, fabrication.
Prerequisites: one course in chemistry, a course in materials science,
or modern physics or second chemistry course.
EE 351. DIGITAL SYSTEMS fall, 4 credits
The fundamental concepts of digital systems. Number systems and codes,
combinational logic, sequential logic, register transfers, controllers,
memory, software and computer organization, input/output interfaces. Prerequisites:
proficiency in a computer language and a course in electric circuits.
EE 361. CONTROL SYSTEMS spring, 3 + 0
Introduction to analysis, design, and modeling of control systems.
LaPlace transforms, transfer functions, and tran sient analysis. Concepts
of stability; polar and log-frequency plots. Numerical simulation and design
of simple control systems. Prerequisite: EE 301 or PHYS 407.
EE 385. LABORATORY I fall, 4 credits
Experiments for electronics and digital systems courses. Technical
communication with emphasis on written presentation: proposals, reports,
research papers, memoranda, resumes; word processing, spread sheets, and
graphs; writing evaluation. Corequisites: EE 315 and EE 352.
EE 386. LABORATORY II spring, 4 credits
Composite electronics and electrical engineering laboratory experiments.
Safety and physical hazards. Technical communication with emphasis on oral
presentations: public speaking, and audio-visual techniques; listening
and evaluation; videotaping for self-evaluation; ethical and professional
issues. Prerequisite: EE 385. Corequisites: EE 302, 316, 322, 332, 361.
EE 395. SEMINAR I fall, 1 credit
Contemporary global and social issues, professional and ethical responsibility.
Evaluation based on written presentations. Prerequisite: junior standing.
EE 396. SEMINAR II spring, 1 credit
Continuation of EE 395. Evaluation based on oral presentations. Prerequisite:
junior standing.
EE 419 POWER ELECTRONICS fall
Electronic processing of electrical energy. Overview of power electronics
devices such as DMOSFET, IGBT, and Thyristor. Power supply circuits from
AC or DC sources as used in computers, inverters, and variable-speed motor
drives. Analytical and numerical techniques for simulation. Technical elective.
Prerequisite: EE 316.
EE 423. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ANTENNAS
fall, 4 credits
Maxwell's equations, plane waves, reflections, guided waves, resonators,
antennas and radiating apertures, fiber optics. Design of systems for transmission
of electrical energy by conductors, dielectrics, and propagation in free
space. Concepts of electromagnetic interference and compatibility. Prerequisite:
EE 322.
EE 433. MATERIALS AND DEVICES fall
Properties of electrical engineering materials; device design and fabrication,
parameter measurement. Technical elective. Prerequisite: EE 332.
EE 437. INTRODUCTION TO MICROELECTRONICS PACKAGING spring
Interdisciplinary introduction to packaging of microelectronic components
and assembly of circuit boards. Materials processing, mechanical
and thermal analysis, reliability testing and analysis. Computer
simulation of interconnect structures. Technical elective.
Prerequisite: junior standing in engineering or science.
EE 441. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRO-MECHANICS
spring
Principles of electro-mechanical energy conversion; mechanical and
electrical forces related to currents and velocities. DC machines, transformers
and AC machines, stepping motors, transducers. Three phase power. Terminal
characteristics and equivalent circuits. Technical elective. Prerequisite:
senior standing.
EE 452. DIGITAL SYSTEMS II
fall and summer
Design of software and hardware for microprocessor applications. Processor
architecture, microprogramming, and computer design. Technical elective.
Prerequisite: EE 352.
EE 453. COMPUTER SYSTEMS spring
Computer systems description, arithmetic algorithms, CPU, memory hierarchy,
I/O, multiprocessor architectures, operating systems and compilers, neurocomputers,
VLSI technology. Technical elective. Prerequisite: EE 352.
EE 462. CONTROL SYSTEMS II fall and summer
Conventional and state variable techniques for the analysis and design
of digital and analog control systems. Z -transform. Sampled data systems.
Discrete state variable. Numerical simulation and computer-aided design
of control systems. Technical elective. Prerequisite: EE 361.
EE 474. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRO-OPTICS spring
Electro-optic devices and systems. Blackbody, LED and laser sources,
photodetectors, modulators, fiber optics, Fourier optics. Design of electro-optic
systems. Technical elective. Prerequisites: EE 423 and college physics.
EE 475. DIGITAL AUDIO AND ELECTROACOUSTICS
fall
Fundamentals of acoustics, digital signal processing, digital audio
technology, selected topics from current literature. Technical elective.
Prerequisites: EE 302 and 352.
EE 477. COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS spring
Modulation and demodulation: AM, FM, PCM, SSB, TV. Noise, channel capacity,
optimum detection. Design of communications systems. Technical elective.
Prerequisite: EE 302
EE 487. SENIOR PROJECT I fall, 4 credits
Lab experiments relating to both the required and elective courses.
Individual design projects proposal, time schedule, prototype and test,
construction of functioning system. Evaluation is based on written and
oral reports and final hardware demonstration. Prerequisites: EE 316and
386.
EE 488. SENIOR PROJECT II spring, 4 credits
Laboratory experiments self-paced and unscheduled. Group design projects
in cooperation with local industry. Evaluation is based on written and
oral reports, and final hardware demonstration. Corequisites: ME 440 and
two senior electives.
EE 489. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE every
semester, 2 credits
Preparation for employment and graduate education. Case studies in
professional ethics, patent and liability law, engineering economics, accounting
principles, entrepreneurship. Written and oral presentations required.
Preparation for the Fundamentals of Engineering exam for New York State
Professional Engineer License.
EE 491. TEACHING PRACTICUM every semester, variable
credit
Assist with undergraduate instruction of a formal course under the
direct supervision of the course instructor. Prerequisites: approval of
the faculty member and the department chair.
EE 494. INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP every semester,
variable credit
Engineering work experience in industry. Daily log book, memo progress
reports, and formal final report required. May replace no more than one
technical elective. Prerequisite: approval of department chair.
EE 497. INDEPENDENT STUDY every semester,
variable credit
Individual study under direct supervision of a faculty member. Prerequisites:
approval of proposed subject by the faculty member and department chair.
EE 499. UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH every semester,
variable credit
Assist with faculty research. Prerequisites: approval of proposed subject
by the faculty member and the department chair.
EE 501. LINEAR SYSTEMS THEORY fall
State space models for linear systems. Controllability and observability.
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Least squares and singular value decomposition.
Computational considerations. Prerequisite: EE 361 or equivalent.
EE 502. EMBEDDED CONTROL alternate years
Embedded microcontrollers and digital signal processors in control
systems; transducer and instrumentation models. Prerequisites: EE 352 and
361 or equivalent.
EE 503. NONLINEAR SYSTEMS DESIGN alternate years
Characteristics of nonlinear systems, stability theories, design of
controllers, computer simulation. Prerequisite: EE 462 or equivalent.
EE 505. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
fall
Advanced techniques for analysis and design of analog linear and non-linear
control systems. Topics include conventional and state variable techniques
for the math ematical description of control systems, stability analysis,
conventional and modern design techniques, numerical simulation, and computer-aided
design of control systems. Prerequisite: EE 462 or equivalent.
EE 507. ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS spring
Techniques for the mathematical description, analysis, and design of
adaptive control systems. Concept of adaptation, model reference, and self-tuning
approaches to system identification. Computer simulation exercises with
formal reports required. Prerequisites: EE 462 and approval of graduate
advisor.
EE 508. INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS CONTROL
fall
Applications of statistical, optimization, and advanced control techniques
for mathematical description, analysis optimization, and control of multivariable
processes. Topics include: regression analysis, linear, nonlinear and dy
namic programming, adaptive control. Prerequisite: EE 361 or equivalent.
EE 509. STOCHASTIC CONTROL alternate
years
Statistical techniques for the description, analysis, and design of
control systems. Estimation, prediction, and Kalman filtering in advanced
systems. Prerequisites: EE 505 and a course in probability or equivalent.
EE 510. LINEAR AND SAMPLED DATA CONTROL SYSTEMS
fall and summer
Conventional and state variable techniques for the analysis and design
of digital and analog control systems. Z -transform. Sampled data systems.
Discrete state variable. Numerical simulation and computer-aided design
of control systems. Four laboratory exercises with formal reports are required.
Lecture portion meets with EE 462. Prerequisites: EE 361 and approval of
the graduate advisor.
EE 515. ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING FOR MICROELECTRONICS
spring
Numerical simulation techniques for the solution of charge, current
and electromagnetic field distributions in semiconductor devices, transmission
lines, electronics packaging components, and other electromagnetic devices.
The numerical techniques includes integral equations, finite difference,
and finite element methods. Prerequisite: EE 423 or equivalent.
EE 516. MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
summer
Selected topics in applied mathematics stressing the unifying concept
of the function. Functions are introduced from the computer engineering
point of view as notions of set, relation, and algebraic structure. The
function concept is illustrated by homomorphism and isomorphism. Next,
the function concept is interpreted in linear systems as transfor mation,
illustrated with the Z, Laplace, and Fourier transforms. The role of equations
is considered. Finally, transform methods are applied to the solution of
partial differential equations of electro-physics, particularly the heat
and wave equations. Prerequisite: Calculus and differential equations.
EE 520. POWER ELECTRONICS fall
Electronic processing of electrical energy. Overview of power electronics
devices, such as DMOSFET, IGBT, and Thyristor. Power supply circuits from
AC or DC sources as used in computers, inverters, and variable-speed motor
drives. Analytical and numerical techniques for simulation. Four laboratory
exercises with formal reports are required. Lecture portion meets with
EE 419. Prerequisites: EE 316 and approval of the graduate advisor.
EE 521. DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING spring
Transversal and recursive filters, random discrete-time signals, spectral
analysis, detection of signals in noise, estimation of signal parameters.
Prerequisite: EE 302 or equivalent.
EE 522 ESTIMATION THEORY alternate
years
Random processes and their characteristics. Random signals in linear
systems. Methods of trend analysis and prediction. System identification.
Least square estimation and Kalman filtering. Suboptimal filters. Noise
in the information channels and sensitivity of estimation proce dures.
Confidence analysis of estimates. Prerequisite: courses in probability
and linear systems, or equivalent.
EE 531. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY
fall
Topics in classical electromagnetic field theory with emphasis on time-varying
fields including guided waves and radiation. Prerequisite: EE 322 or equivalent.
EE 532. MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
alternate years
Apertures, waveguides; microwave network theory; analysis and design
of microwave circuits and systems; microwave devices. Prerequisite: EE
322 or equivalent.
EE 533. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
alternate years
Signal paths: conductive, inductive, capacitive, electromagnetic. Shielding
and grounding concepts. Methods of measurement. EMC specifications and
standards. Prerequisite: EE 322 or equivalent.
EE 534. SIGNAL TRANSMISSION IN ELECTRONICS PACKAGING
alternate years
General transmission line theory as applied to electronics packaging;
digital signal transmission; interconnections; transient analysis of transmission
lines by LaPlace Trans form. Prerequisite: EE 322 or equivalent.
EE 540. COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
spring
Modulation and demodulation: Noise, channel capacity, optimum detection.
Design of communication systems. Four laboratory exercises with formal
reports required. Lecture portion meets with EE 477. Prerequisites: EE
302 and approval of graduate advisor.
EE 541. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING
alternate years
Fundamentals of communication theory. Channel capacity, signal-noise
ratio and error probability, information-theoretic bounds on transmission.
Prerequisite: EE 477 or equivalent.
EE 545. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
spring
Transmission of information in digital form; coding; packets; error
detection, correction; carriers; multipath and intersymbol interference;
spread spectrum. Prerequisite: EE 477 or equivalent.
EE 550. DIGITAL SYSTEM ENGINEERING spring
Design of software and hardware for microprocessor applications. Processor
architecture, microprogramming, and computer design. Lecture portion meets
with EE 452. Prerequisite: EE 351 and approval of graduate adviser.
EE 551. DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN alternate
years
Arithmetic and logic units, control units. Hardware de scription languages,
design verification by simulation, subsystem design using primitives, microprogramming,
interrupt, and input-output. Prerequisite: EE 452 or equivalent.
EE 552. COMPUTER DESIGN fall
Computer architectures, virtual memory organization, input-output,
microprogramming, multiprocessor systems, memory hierarchies, pipelined
architecture, RISC machines, fault-tolerant machines. Prerequisite: EE
452 or equivalent.
EE 553. ADVANCED MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS
alternate years
Advanced microprocessors, architectures, instruction sets. Memory and
interface design consideration, performance evaluation. Prerequisite: EE
452 or equivalent.
EE 554. VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN ARCHITECTURES fall
The MOS transistor, circuit characterization, and perfor mance estimation.
CMOS logic and structured design: electrical design of logic circuits,
clocking strategies, and design rules. CMOS systems and RISC architectures.
Prerequisite: EE 452 or equivalent.
EE 555. DIGITAL COMPUTER ARITHMETIC spring
Classification and structure of finite number systems. Theory of modern
high speed computer arithmetic, array arith metic processing techniques,
case studies of representative arithmetic processors. Prerequisite: EE
452 or equivalent.
EE 557. NEURAL NETWORK COMPUTERS
fall
Topics on neural network computing; such as network structure, retrieval
and learning phases, computational requirements, and types of applications
of neural net works. A number of neurocomputers are studied. This study
includes digital as well as analog implementations and VLSI approaches.
Prerequisite: EE 452 or equivalent.
EE 559. MACHINE VISION spring
Discusses low and high level machine vision issues by using methods
and tools (architectures, languages, and algorithms). Grouping of machine
vision methods; image preprocessing; image processing; image compression;
computer graphics (in brief); image analysis; pattern recognition (syntactic
methods); OCR systems and methods; image understanding; image interpretation;
design project. Prerequisites: high-level programming languages (C or Pascal
or Lisp or Prolog) and multiprocessor systems architectures, and EE 452
or equivalent.
EE 560. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRO-OPTICS
spring
Electro-optic devices and systems. Black-body, LED and laser sources,
photodetectors, modulators, fiber optics, Fourier optics. Design of electro-optic
systems. Four laboratory exercises with formal reports required. Lecture
portion meets with EE 474. Prerequisites: EE 423, college physics, and
approval of the graduate advisor.
EE 564. OPTOELECTRONICS AND FIBER OPTICS
fall
Optical fiber waveguides; single and multimode propagation; coupling
and splicing; optical sources and detectors; introduction to holography.
Prerequisites: EE 332 and 423, or equivalents.
EE 567. POWER SUPPLY DESIGN summer
Switched-mode power supply topologies, design, modeling, and test;
related topics. Prerequisite: EE 419 or equivalent.
EE 570. MICROELECTRONICS MATERIALS AND DEVICES
fall
Properties of electrical engineering materials; device design and fabrication,
parameter measurement. Four laboratory exercises with formal reports required.
Lecture portion meets with EE 433. Prerequisites: EE 332 and approval of
graduate advisor.
EE 571. ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
alternate years
Selected theory and application of solid state principles in electrical
engineering: quantum mechanics, dielectrics, ferromagnetics, piezoelectrics,
superconductors, amorphous materials, surfaces, optical interactions. Prerequisite:
EE 332 or equivalent
EE 574. MOS VLSI DESIGN alternate years
NMOS and CMOS review; design rules; clocking and delays; system design
examples. Prerequisites: EE 352 and 433, or equivalents.
EE 575. SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PROCESSING
spring
Semiconductor device fabrication (crystal growth, oxidation, diffusion,
etching, lithography, yield), theoretical foundations; process modeling
and simulation. Computer simulations or laboratory exercises with formal
reports required. Prerequisites: EE 433 and approval of graduate advisor.
EE 576. SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE DESIGN fall
Design of bipolar and MOS devices and IC systems; design examples;
selected discrete device design; simulation. Prerequisite: EE 433 or equivalent.
EE 577. SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PACKAGING alternate
years
Electrical, thermal, and mechanical design aspects of packaging. Devices
and printed circuit boards, wire-bonding, die attachment, hybrids; electrical
interconnections, materials, adhesion; reliability. Prerequisite: EE 332
or equivalent.
EE 578. THIN FILMS AND NANOELECTRONICS
alternate years
Vacuum principles and instrumentation, deposition techniques (thermal,
ion-beam, plasma sputtering), nucleation and growth; electrical, optical,
mechanical properties; hybrid microelectronics, integrated optics; analytical
techniques. Prerequisite: EE 332 or equivalent.
EE 594. INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP every
semester, variable credit
Engineering work experience in industry. Daily logbook, memo progress
reports, and formal final report required. Prerequisite: permission of
department chair.
EE 595. RESEARCH SEMINAR AND LITERATURE every
semester, 1 credit
Presentation of the prospectus for the MSEE project or thesis. Attendance
at weekly department research seminars, preparation of written summaries,
and completion of library search in area of proposed research required.
EE 596. THESIS SEMINAR every
semester, 2 credits
Thesis students must demonstrate proficiency formulating their research
results into short seminar presentations and also must prepare a research
paper to professional journal standards. Attendance at weekly department
research seminars and preparation of written summaries required. Prerequisites:
EE 595 and 599. Seminar portion meets with EE 595.
EE 597. INDEPENDENT STUDY every semester,
variable credit
Independent study or graduate laboratory exercises supervised by electrical
engineering faculty member. Prerequi sites: consent of instructor and department
chair.
EE 598. MSEE PROJECT every semester,
variable credit
Hardware and software design and development or other project as defined
by a learning contract, approved by major professor and project advisor.
Seminar presentation required. Formal report submitted to EE department
library.
EE 599. RESEARCH THESIS every
semester, variable credit
Mentoring in the methods of research. Theoretical analy sis, computer
modeling, software and hardware development, and experimentation as determined
by a thesis committee, faculty advisor, second reader or co-advisor, and
department chair. Oral defense. Preparation of journal article required.
Bound thesis submitted to Graduate School for the University Library.
EE 606. ROBUST CONTROL OF MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEMS
spring
Comprehensive treatment of linear multivariable control: Stability
and performance robustness analysis; computer-aided robust control system
design frequency-domain minimax (H-infinity) synthesis and Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian
synthesis with Loop-Transfer-Recovery. Prerequisite: EE 505 or equivalent.
EE 652. PARALLEL COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES
spring
Parallel processing overview, multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD)
architectures: wave front arrays, dataflow, reduction machines. Interconnection
networks, parallel algorithm implementation, and memory organization for
parallel machines. Prerequisite: EE 552 or equivalent.
EE 656. MULTIPROCESSOR DESIGN EVALUATION
alternate years
Stochastic models for the evaluation of multiprocessor systems design;
stochastic processes, queuing models; stochastic Petri-nets; analysis of
crossbar multiprocessor architectures; aspects of multiprocessor performance
evalu ation; failures in multiprocessor and recovery techniques. Design
project. Prerequisites: EE 552 and a course in probability or equivalent.
EE 659. ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
fall
Fundamental and advanced methods of artificial intelligence with applications
to industry. Knowledge-based systems (knowledge representation, acquisition,
conversion, manipulation, KB development, expert systems); AI languages
(natural languages, NL translations, special AI languages); perception,
learning and planning schemes (symbolic, connectionist, genetic algorithms,
vision, speech, path planning); design project. Prerequisite: EE 559 or
equivalent.
EE 665. OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING spring
Applications of Fourier optics; optical processing elements; modulation
and optical transfer functions; filtering, convolution and correlation;
pupil synthesis, textural edge extraction; homodyning and heterodyning;
wave mixing, harmonic generation; quantum well lasers, fiber optic amplifiers;
optical computing; optical storage in photon echo systems; dichromated
gelatin, photorefractive and computer-generated holograms. Prerequisite:
EE 564 or equivalent.
EE 697. INDEPENDENT STUDY
every semester, variable credit
Independent study supervised by electrical engineering faculty member.
Student must obtain consent of instructor and department chairperson, who
then determine description of program and number of credits.
EE 698. PRE-DISSERTATION RESEARCH
every semester, variable credit
Exploratory research oriented toward PhD dissertation.
EE 699. DISSERTATION every semester, variable
credit
Research for and preparation of PhD dissertation.
EE 700. CONTINUOUS REGISTRATION
every semester, 1 credit
Required to maintain matriculation through any spring or fall semester
when no other courses are taken. If the minimal one credit registration
is not maintained, student must reapply for admission.
EE 701. PRACTICUM FOR RESEARCH AND TEACHING ASSISTANTS
every semester
Required for all funded graduate assistants. Research or teaching supervised
by faculty advisor.